Analysis of Automotive Network Security †Free Samples to Students

Question: Examine about the Analysis of Automotive Network Security. Answer: Presentation: The physical layer is liable for taking care of the transmissions in bit level in the middle of various hubs. It is the most minimal layer among all the layers of the OSI arrange layers. The layer is commonly utilized for the transmission of the crude information in the middle of the hubs. This layer is commonly engaged with the equipment peripherals of the system. The information streaming in this system is crude and stream in the bits of o and 1. Thus, this layer ought to have all the characteristics of a productive framework are rightness, unwavering quality, heartiness and security, similarity and versatility, usability, and effectiveness. The physical layer helps in the force the board of the framework. This layer bolsters the MCU, CAN and other installed framework loads. The physical layer additionally incorporates the Trans recipients for the CAN and the LIN conventions. This demonstrates the vigorous abilities of the physical layers. This layer helps in the transmission of th e advanced data over the system. The physical layer additionally gives a proficient CAN correspondence offices that demonstrate the productivity of the framework. Moreover, it is additionally necessitated that the physical layer is made sure about productively as huge measure of crude information course through the system. The dependability of the system ought to likewise be ideal as the information lost in the physical layer can change the whole message of the sender. The versatility and similarity of the physical layer can be decided through the transmission of information in the system and the synchronization of the information in the bit level. The layer likewise make point to point correspondence in the middle of the hubs in the system. The layers gives a speed of around 100 mb/sec which makes the information simple to move and furthermore expands the effectiveness in the system. Thus, the speed, rate and the effectiveness of the framework relies upon the physical layer of the system. The information interface layers comes after the physical layer. It is practically like the physical and perform exercises like the physical layer. The primary parts in the layer are surrounding, physical tending to, and control of stream, blunder and openness. This parts goes about as main considerations on the choice of accuracy, unwavering quality, power and security, similarity and adaptability, usability, and effectiveness of the framework. Surrounding utilizes the focuses to point setups for the transmission of the bits of information as the stream. This procedures is commonly utilized when the casings are changed over to squares of data. These edges comprise of the mistake checking methods. They give the accuracy highlight to the systems administration layer. The edges furnish the client with the data to the following edge. The naming data gives the system the help to guide the edges to the focuses in the system where the goal of the edge is available. This gives the usability and straightforwardness for the systems administration layer. The header of the casing is either the MAC of the machine to which the information is coordinated and the coherent location for the following system layer in line. The MAC addresses are effective as they give the physical location of the gadgets in the system and subsequently all the machines in the system recorded by the system. This gives the security attributes to the information connect layer. The MAC addresses are additionally entirely perfect for the association with different gadgets in the system. They likewise help the gadgets in associating with different peripherals in the system. The information interface layer likewise builds up association among two hubs in the framework. The information move is halted when the connection in the middle of the hubs are broken and consequently, this gives the data about the proficiency in the information interface layer. The trailers added to the casings gives the data about the blunder in the system and furthermore makes the information mistake free then again. This aides in the mistake control of the information connect layer. The system layer likewise utilizes the blunder control strategy, for example, the ARQ and FEC innovations. Thus, all the models for the information interface layer are kept up. The web layer comes after the information interface layer. The principle reason for this system layer is giving the layer the correspondence offices for all the hubs. The layer gives a start to finish correspondence framework for the instead of the machine to machine connect gave by the information interface layer. What's more, the layer gives the association arranged and association less administrations. The layer goes about as the interface in the middle of the host and the system. Thus, the layer gives the accuracy, unwavering quality, vigor and security, similarity and versatility, usability, and productivity of the framework choices. The fundamental methodologies received by the layer gives the clients and the framework the choice of transmitting information with an adaptability and increment the usability in the system. The layer utilizes the source and goal addresses with the goal that the information is sent and gathered from the genuine sources. This gives the security idea to the system. Moreover, the layer makes a virtual course in the middle of the two hubs for the system and this keeps up the power of the system. Moreover the similarity and the versatility of the system is kept up in this layer. These three layers are the most significant layers in the system and thus, all the attributes of a proficient framework in these layers would imply that productivity is kept up all through the system. In controlled access the hubs in the system counsels different hubs before sending the informations. The chairman holds the entrance control for the physical areas inside the system. The customers demand the server for the entrance to the physical substance inside the system. The customer can just the view the substance in the system to which they are given access to. On the off chance that the customer isn't given the entrance they can't view or access the information. Then again in dispute based access the information is communicated on the system and whoever is available on the system can get to the information without any problem. Any PC can transmit information whenever. Be that as it may, this offers ascend to crash inside the system. The information is served to the customers on a previously started things out server premise and the information is accessible every single hub in the system. The controlled access component of gaining admittance to physical media is referred to as brought together framework as the server holds all the entrance to the information in this system and found midway. Moreover, the communicated information is spreads everywhere throughout the system and thus, this component is known as the conveyed framework for information access inside the system. All the customers can get to the information. Book reference Ahmed, S.A.G., 2016. Throughput Enhancement of Local Area Network Queuing Model in Heavy Traffic Network (Doctoral paper, Sudan University of Science and Technology). Asrani, A., Koul, V. also, Khot, R., 2016. Survey of Network Steganography Techniques. Majestic Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, 2(12). Bora, G., Bora, S., Singh, S. also, Arsalan, S.M., 2014. OSI reference model: A review. Worldwide Journal of Computer Trends and Technology (IJCTT, 7(4). Clemm, A., Medved, J., Varga, R., Bahadur, N., Ananthakrishnan, H. also, Liu, X., 2018. A YANG Data Model for Network Topologies (No. RFC 8345). Collins, D., 2015, October. Adaptable Switching for Flight Test Networks. In International Telemetering Conference Proceedings. Worldwide Foundation for Telemetering. Kizza, J.M., 2017. Manual for PC organize security. Springer. Maj, S.P., Ohtsuki, K., Akamatsu, T. also, Mackay, S., 2016. State Model Diagrams for Teaching Networkinga SOLO Based Evaluation. Present day Applied Science, 10(10), p.231. Mundhenk, P., Mrowca, A., Steinhorst, S., Lukasiewycz, M., Fahmy, S.A. also, Chakraborty, S., 2016. Open source model and test system for continuous execution examination of car organize security. Acm Sigbed Review, 13(3), pp.8-13. Rajesh, H. also, Anjan, K., 2015. Development of Covert Channel Using Data Hiding Mechanism In Ipv4. IJRCCT, 4(6), pp.387-389. Santos, M.G.M. also, Marcillo, P.A.A., 2018. Security in the information connect layer of the OSI model on LANs wired Cisco. Diary of Science and Research: Revista Ciencia e Investigacin, 3(CITT2017), pp.106-112.

45 Synonyms for Old and Old-Fashioned

45 Synonyms for Old and Old-Fashioned 45 Synonyms for â€Å"Old† and â€Å"Old-Fashioned† 45 Synonyms for â€Å"Old† and â€Å"Old-Fashioned† By Mark Nichol Our culture’s mentality toward age is reflected in the regularly disparaging implications of words interchangeable with old and antiquated, however some are nonpartisan or even respectful. Here are forty-five words that allude to individuals, spots, and things that are, or are thought of, old or antiquated. (Inconsequential faculties are likewise recorded.) 1. Matured: progressed in age, average of mature age; additionally, at an age 2. Maturing: progressing in age, or the idea of becoming more established 3. Antiquated: matured, good old, or relating to some time in the past occasions, or see respected 4. Anile: relating to or taking after an elderly person, or see decrepit 5. Obsolete: of cutting edge age, or outdated or style 6. Obsolete: relating to a previous time 7. Dated: good old; additionally, furnished with a date 8. Frail: sick as a result of mature age, or feeble, run down, or exhausted 9. Dã ©modã ©: unfashionable 10. Demoded: see dã ©modã © 11. Doddering: see decrepit 12. Older: relating to the late time of life, or antiquated 13. Fossilized: see old fashioned; additionally, fixed or unbending, or changed over into a fossil 14. Geriatric: old or unpopular, or relating to more established individuals or to the way toward maturing 15. Done for: antiquated; additionally, broken, or vanquished or demolished 16. Extensive: portrayed by a long life expectancy 17. Medieval: see obsolete and antiquated; likewise, relating to the Middle Ages in Europe 18. Hopeless: latent, out of date, or approaching demise 19. Overgrown: see out of date; likewise, something like greenery, or secured by greenery or something comparable 20. Moth eaten: see obsolete and antiquated; likewise, eaten by moths or their hatchlings 21. Noachian: see old and outdated; likewise, relating to Noah or the time in which he lived 22. Neolithic: good old on the grounds that a remainder from another period; likewise, a logical term (consistently promoted) alluding to the later Stone Age 23. Out of date: antiquated, or not, at this point valuable; likewise, in science, defective or minimal in contrast with comparative highlights 24. Outdated: see antiquated 25. Obsolete: see old fashioned 26. Old fashioned: outdated, or not worthy or current 27. Outworn: see old fashioned 28. Overage: too old to even think about being useful, or more established than typical 29. Past that certain point: progressed in age, or past one’s prime 30. Passã ©: past one’s prime, and see old fashioned 31. Ancient: see old fashioned; additionally, in prehistoric studies and language, from before recorded history 32. Curious: good old; likewise, odd, exquisite, or dexterously structured 33. Retro: see retrograde (notwithstanding, the short structure is from the French expression rã ©trospectif, not from retrograde) 34. Retrograde: elegant nostalgic, or trendily antiquated; likewise, different specialized faculties of going in reverse or in opposition to ordinary movement 35. Corroded: ungainly or delayed because of mature age or absence of training 36. Senescent: old, or getting old; likewise, the piece of a plant’s life cycle from full development ahead 37. Decrepit: relating to mature age, particularly to loss of intellectual capacities 38. Senior: more established, or more seasoned than another; likewise, somebody in the most significant level in a foundation or association or with high position or status 39. Spavined: see broken down; likewise, harrowed with expanding 40. Stone Age: a period or a phase in the advancement of a field or establishment considered old or antiquated; additionally, in prehistoric studies, the most punctual time of human culture (consistently promoted in the two detects) 41. Out-dated: more seasoned than is ordinary, precluded for deployment ready as a result old enough, or antiquated 42. Tottery: decrepit or dubious 43. Unyoung: old 44. Admired: inciting regard due to age and orderly intelligence or expertise, or great in view old enough; likewise, hallowed or meriting love 45. Vintage: old or antiquated; likewise, among the best (said of a specific individual or thing), or of suffering interest or worth Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Vocabulary class, check our famous posts, or pick a related post below:Grammar Test 1Taser or Tazer? Tazing or Tasering?How to Address Your Elders, Your Doctor, Young Children... what's more, Your CEO

5 Examples of Faulty Parallel Structure

5 Examples of Faulty Parallel Structure 5 Examples of Faulty Parallel Structure 5 Examples of Faulty Parallel Structure By Mark Nichol One kind of syntactic blunders seen much of the time is that of broken equal structure, wherein relating words or expressions don't match to make an intelligent linguistic structure. Here are five instances of sentences in which equal structure is defective, with a conversation of every blunder. 1. She played at San Francisco settings, for example, the Avalon, the Fillmore, and Carousel Ballroom. In separation, the names of every one of these scenes ought to be gone before by the: â€Å"the Avalon,† â€Å"the Fillmore,† and â€Å"the Carousel Ballroom.† When recorded together in one sentence, the equivalent is valid: â€Å"She played at San Francisco settings, for example, the Avalon, the Fillmore, and the Carousel Ballroom.† 2. I’m upset that Mary told Jane, yet additionally that she was so inconsiderate. The author is disturbed about An as well as B, so the action word ought to go before the contradiction phrases â€Å"not just that† (the three expressions of which ought not be hindered by another) and â€Å"also that†: â€Å"I’m upset that Mary told Jane as well as that she was so rude.† Note additionally that the comma before â€Å"but also† is superfluous. 3. The site doesn't take a gander at conclusions or expectations, however articulations that the overall population would be keen on knowing reality with regards to. Similarly as in the past model, the restricting expressions (for this situation, â€Å"not at† and â€Å"but at†) should both follow the action word they share (for this situation, look, which ought not intercede in the first of the two expressions): â€Å"The site looks not at sentiments or expectations however at explanations that the overall population would be keen on knowing reality about.† 4. The site assesses just explanations that are clear, exact, and are not clearly evident. Three modifiers recorded in this sentence-clear, exact, and genuine can share an action word, or each can be gone before by its own action word, yet this sentence doesn't make a difference either choice; the first and third descriptive words have their own action words however exact doesn’t. The right options are â€Å"The site assesses just explanations that are clear, exact, and not clearly true† and â€Å"The site assesses just proclamations that are clear, are exact, and are not clearly true.† 5. The infection is generally gotten through contact with a tainted individual, expending food or beverages defiled with the infection, or by contacting a polluted surface and afterward contacting your mouth. Like the past model, in this sentence, the three things in this rundown can share a relational word, or each can have its own (not really a similar one utilized multiple times). The decisions are â€Å"The infection is generally gotten through contact with a tainted individual, expending food or beverages sullied with the infection, or contacting a polluted surface and afterward contacting your mouth† and â€Å"The infection is typically gotten through contact with a contaminated individual, by devouring food or beverages debased with the infection, or by contacting a defiled surface and afterward contacting your mouth.† Need to improve your English quickly a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Grammar class, check our mainstream posts, or pick a related post below:100 Exquisite AdjectivesHow to Play HQ Words: Cheats, Tips and TricksGrammatical Case in English

The Concept of The Hero A Wizard of Earth Sea, Boat - 1650 Words

The Concept of The Hero Literature Research: Araby, Barometer Rising, A Wizard of Earth Sea, and the Boat (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Instructor:Subject:Date of Submission:The Concept of The HeroIntroductionAuthors such as James Joyce and Ursula K. LeGuin have depicted the concept of heroism in their stories clearly. Specifically, James Joyce depicted a boy as the hero in the story while Ursula K. LeGuin depicted Ged, who is also a boy, as the hero of the story. Apparently, it is crucial to understand the meaning of the term hero because it lays the foundation for the upcoming discussion. Consequently, the term hero could be elucidated as a person, supposed to be a man, who is idealized for outstanding achievement, courage, or noble qualities. It follows that both authors depict the concept of a hero clearly because both authors depict male characters as heroes. It is notable that further analysis of the mentioned texts is crucial to understanding how the authors portray main characters as heroes in their stories. It is why this paper examines the notion of a hero as depicted by James Joyce and Ursula K. LeGuin.The Journey to a HeroIt is important to highlight that the journey to becoming a hero is discussed exhaustively by Vogler (n.d). Critical to the discussion is the fact that the author highlights twelve stages as the ultimate journey to becoming a hero. For instance, Vogler (pp. 3) posits that the journey to heroism begins with a call for adventure, which sets the story by distracting the comfort of the heroà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s world. According to Vogler (pp.9), the next stage to becoming a hero is the refusal of the call where the hero refuses the call because of the risks held by the adventure. However, it is imperative to highlight that an eager hero may skip the refusal stage and proceed with the adventure. Considering the risks involved in the adventure, the hero always seeks mentorship before pursuing the journey. After the mentorship stage, the hero crosses the threshold by committing to the journey which is the next stage discussed by Vogler (pp.3).Having crossed th e threshold, the hero encounters tests, enemies, and friends (where the hero learns who to trust and not to trust). The next stage is approaching the inmost cave where a character prepares for the journey by reviewing maps and planning attacks. However, a confident hero may bypass the stage, but he always takes a break such as smoking a cigarette, romance, or a joke before proceeding to the ordeal stage. In the ordeal stage, the hero faces the greatest fear and meets a near death experience before receiving a reward. Critical to the discussion is the fact that the hero must complete the journey by travelling to the ordinary world. The next stage is the resurrection, where a hero faces a challenge that puts other characters at risk. The last stage is the return with elixir where the hero has earned the right back into an ordinary world.The Call for AdventureIt is critical to highlight that both stories begin with naÃÆ' ¯ve boys whose ability to achieve desired goals are unknown. T his owes to the reality both characters in the story do not portray abilities that would make their adventures simple. Further, it is vital to note that LeGuin (1968) does not define the heroà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s objective clearly. As evidence, the story begins with a boy who wanders from households and guardians. However, the author eventually informs the audience that Gedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s adventure was to become a magician. In contrast, Joyce (1941) clearly defines the goal of the hero. This owes to the reality that the author informs the audience that the boy in the story intended to seduce a girl he loved. Thus, it can be deduced that both stories highlight the call for adventure by indicating they types of adventures to be pursued.According to Vogler (pp. 3), the call for adventure is evident when the hero is disrupted from the ordinary world. Imperative to the debate is the reality that this stage is very clear in both stories. For instance, in a Wizard of Earthsea, Ged is disrupted from th e ordinary world when magic is introduced into his life. As evidence, Ged is chased by goats after pronouncing the words "Noth hierth malk man hiolk han merth han!" LeGuin (n.p). The goats chase after him until his aunt comes to his rescue. In comparison, the boy in Joyceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s (1941) story is disrupted from the ordinary world when he realizes that he has fallen for a girl. As an evidence of this, Joyce (n.p) mentions, "When she came out on the doorstep my heart leapedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . This indicates that both stories that heroes from both stories are disrupted from their ordinary worlds, which is a required condition for the call for adventure stage.Approaching the Inmost CaveIt is crucial to note that heroes in both stories make the required preparations before pursuing their main challenge. For instance, Ged experienced the stage by preparing for the ordeal by equipping himself with the necessary magical strength for the ordeal. This owes to the reality that Ged not only stu died in a magical school but also acquired magical lessons from experienced magicians. In fact, Gedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s turning point occurred after Ogion advised to stop being the hunter and start being the hunted. In particular, Ogion said, "You must seek what seeks you. You must hunt the hunter." Analogously, the boy in the Araby prepared to seduce the girl she loved by holding a conversation with the girl. This owes to the reality of the words "At last she spoke to meà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , which have been quoted from the story. In short, both heroes experienced approaching the inmost cave in their journeys to heroism.Vogler (pp. 4) reveals that heroes may need to take a break from the journey in the stage under discussion. This owes to the reality that the author argues that the hero may need romance, a cigarette, or a joke before a heroic story proceeds to the ordeal stage. This is evident in both stories because heroes from both stories take breaks prior to the ordeal of their adventures. F or example, Ged takes a break before the ordeal of his journey by having a dinner with longshoremen, shipwrights, and weatherworkers. Critical to the debate is the fact that Ged enjoyed their conversations, which provided him with the required break. Similarly, the boy in Araby takes a break by engaging himself in romantic fantasies about the girl she loves. This owes to the fact that the boy imagines himself dispatched on a romantic quest by his beloved (Charles, pp. 2). Therefore, both heroes took a break in approaching the inmost cave before proceeding to the ordeal of their journeyThe OrdealIt is vital to highlight that the ultimate ordeal of both stories is evident after the heroes complete approaching the inmost cave stage. To support the argument, Ged meets the shadow and confronts it, but the shadow takes off. As a result, Ged follows the Shadow and catches up with shadow after overcoming several obstacles. This owes to the reality That Ged was blinded by the storm from seei ng the shadow in addition to the fact that the Shadow was nowhere to be seen after the storm disappeared. The boy in Joyceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s story also meets his ordeal, is mostly psychological. As evidence, the boy is faced with mental perils that could undermine his romantic idealism. The boy also faces physical obstacles, especially when seeking money for attending the Araby from his uncle who eventually gives him the money.The main characteristic of the ordeal stage is the fact that a hero always meets a near death experience, which is evident in both...

Washington Irving

Washington Irving was the first American to make a living as an author and during his prolific career in the early 1800s he created celebrated characters such as Rip Van Winkle and Ichabod Crane. His youthful satirical writings popularized two terms still closely associated with New York City, Gotham and Knickerbocker. Irving also contributed something to holiday traditions, as his conception of a saintly character with a flying sleigh delivering toys to children at Christmas evolved into our modern depictions of Santa Claus. Early Life of Washington Irving Washington Irving was born April 3, 1783 in lower Manhattan, during the week that New York City residents heard of the British ceasefire in Virginia that effectively ended the Revolutionary War. To pay tribute to the great hero of the time, General George Washington, Irvings parents named their eighth child in his honor. When George Washington took the oath of office as the first American president at Federal Hall in New York City, six-year-old Washington Irving stood among the thousands of people celebrating in the streets. A few months later he was introduced to President Washington, who was shopping in lower Manhattan. For the rest of his life Irving told the story of how the president patted him on the head. While attending school, young Washington was believed to be slow-witted, and one teacher labeled him a dunce. He did, however, learn to read and write, and became obsessed with telling stories. Some of his brothers attended Columbia College, yet Washingtons formal education ended at the age of 16. He became apprenticed to a law office, which was a typical route to becoming a lawyer in the era before law schools were common. Yet the aspiring writer was  far more interested in wandering about Manhattan and studying the daily life of New Yorkers than he was in the classroom. Early Political Satires Irvings older brother Peter, a physician who was actually more interested in politics than medicine, was active in the New York political machine headed by Aaron Burr. Peter Irving edited a newspaper aligned with Burr, and in November 1802 Washington Irving published his first article, a political satire signed with the pseudonym Jonathan Oldstyle. Irving wrote a series of articles as Oldstyle over the next few months. It was common knowledge in New York circles that he was the real author of the articles, and he enjoyed the recognition. He was 19 years old. One of Washingtons older brothers, William Irving, decided that a trip to Europe might give the aspiring writer some direction, so he financed the voyage. Washington Irving left New York, bound for France, in 1804, and didnt return to America for two years. His tour of Europe broadened his mind and gave him material for later writing. Salmagundi, a Satirical Magazine After returning to New York City, Irving resumed studying to become a lawyer, but his real interest was in writing. With a friend and one of his brothers he began collaborating on a magazine that lampooned Manhattan society. The new publication was called Salmagundi, a familiar term at the time as it was a common food similar to present day chefs salad. The little magazine turned out to be shockingly popular and 20 issues appeared from early 1807 to early 1808. The humor in Salmagundi was gentle by todays standards, but 200 years ago it seemed startling and the magazines style became a sensation. One lasting contribution to American culture was that Irving, in a joking item in Salmagundi, referred to New York City as Gotham. The reference was to a British legend about a town whose residents were reputed to be crazy. New Yorkers enjoyed the joke, and Gotham became a perennial nickname for the city. Diedrich Knickerbockers A History of New York Washington Irvings first full-length book appeared in December 1809. The volume was a fanciful and often satirical history of his beloved New York City as told by an eccentric old Dutch historian, Diedrich Knickerbocker. Much of the humor in the book played upon the rift between the old Dutch settlers and the British who had supplanted them in the city. Some descendants of old Dutch families were offended. But most New Yorkers appreciated the satire and the book was successful. And while some of the local political jokes are hopelessly obscure 200 years later, much of the humor in the book is still quite charming. During the writing of A History of New York, a woman Irving intended to marry, Matilda Hoffman, died of pneumonia. Irving, who was with Matilda when she died, was crushed. He never again became seriously involved with a woman and remained unmarried. For years after the publication of A History of New York Irving wrote little. He edited a magazine, but also engaged in the practice of law, a profession which he never found very interesting. In 1815 he left New York for England, ostensibly to help his brothers stabilize their importing business after the War of 1812. He remained in Europe for the next 17 years. The Sketch Book While living in London Irving wrote his most important work, The Sketch Book, which he published under the pseudonym of Geoffrey Crayon. The book first appeared in several small volumes in American in 1819 and 1820. Much of the content in The Sketch Book dealt with British manners and customs, but the American stories are what became immortal. The book contained The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, the account of schoolmaster Ichabod Crane and his otherworldly nemesis the Headless Horseman, and Rip Van Winkle, the tale of a man who awakens after sleeping for decades. The Sketch Book also contained a collection of Christmas tales which influenced the celebrations of Christmas in 19th century America. Revered Figure at his Estate on the Hudson While in Europe Irving researched and wrote a biography of Christopher Columbus along with a number of travel books. He also worked at times as a diplomat for the United States. Irving returned to America in 1832, and as a popular writer he was able to buy a picturesque estate along the Hudson near Tarrytown, New York. His early writings had established his reputation, and while he pursued other writing projects, including books on the American West, he never topped his earlier successes. When he died on  November 28, 1859 he was widely mourned. In his honor, flags were lowered in New York City as well as on ships in the harbor. The New York Tribune, the influential newspaper edited by Horace Greeley, referred to Irving as the beloved patriarch of American letters. A report on Irvings funeral in the New York Tribune on December 2, 1859, noted, The humble villagers and farmers, to whom he was so well known, were among the truest mourners who followed him to the grave. Irvings stature as a writer endured, and his influence was widely felt. His works, especially The Legend of Sleepy Hollow and Rip Van Winkle are still widely read and considered classics.

What The Boiling Points And Enthalpy Of Vaporization Of...

The goals of the first assignment are to learn and execute proper document formatting, resource and data gathering, data analysis, and to demonstrate knowledge of plagiarism. In order to successfully complete the first assignment, I will complete a short series of tasks to help get me started. First, I read all supporting documentation on the formatting of the assignment. Then, I read through the assignment and found some information in the tasks that I had questions on. Knowing the assignments tasks, I will gather a short list of reliable resources to help get me started. Next, I will look up background information that I need more knowledge on. For example, I need to look up what the boiling points and enthalpy of vaporization of straight chain 1-monochloroalkanes are. I have not taken Organic Chemistry and this may by my weakness, so I will have to do extra background research. Using my knowledge of general chemistry and Microsoft office, I will practice data gathering and formatting, data analysis, and communication skills in this first assignment. For task one, we are required to find eight straight chain 1-monochloroalkanes, eight 1-alchohols, and eight 1-monofluoroalkanes. Many online databases list compounds like these and report specific or averaged scientific data. For example, PubChem, NIST, and Chemspider all have reputable data with sources listed for each data point. Following the assignment formatting guidelines, I will construct a table the 24 compoundsShow MoreRelatedSample Resume : Chemical Engineering Lab1318 Words   |  6 PagesPre-Reflection Assignment #1 I will be completing this assignment for Chemical Engineering Lab 1 as an introduction to the writing and formatting process that is expected by Professor Burrows. During this writing, I will work to become familiar with the whole process of the lab report. This will include practicing how to format professional tables and plots, with clear and understandable information and captions. My previous experience with formatting reports in Microsoft Office and utilizing

Transgender Rights in Canada Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Transgender Rights in Canada. Answer: Unequal Access to Legal service in Canada- Rural residents, indigenous people are among the underserved. This article deals with the decline in the public support for the Canadian justice system, which has led to a devalued civil justice system that is not regarded as a fundamental aspect of the democratic system of the country. Despite strong support extended by Canadians for introducing publically funded legal aid system, individuals who access the system raise consistent concerns about the growing expense and inaccessibility of the ordinary people to the justice system[1]. Moreover, the inability to access the justice system in a meaningful way has an adverse impact apart from the legal issues that affect the health, life, housing and employment of the individuals who are engaged with the justice system. It is important to introduce measures to enable easy navigation of legal services. The legal services should more community-driven and coordinated with each other to enable the people, especially, the rural people, and aboriginals to have easy access to the legal system. Allison Fenske, an attorney with Public Interest Law Centre, shared his views regarding the unequal access to the justice system, asserts that in order to determine whether a person deserves to receive justice must not be based on the factors such as the residence of the person, the background of the person or the financial status of the person. Several groups of aboriginal and people residing in the rural areas often face significant hindrances to access the legal services or legal information. Such people include indigenous people, communities, female survivors of a family that suffered violence, indigenous people as well as people belonging to insecure employment and people suffering from disabilities. The report states that the most common factors that may hinder people to have access to the legal system include geographical location, poverty, language issues and cultural difference with the expectation to navigate the legal system effectively. As stated by Fenske, there are more than one thing that are at stake and it is not mandatory to solve any particular legal problems as for several people, it starts with the opportunity given to people to at least recognize that they are facing some sort of legal issues. There is a significant issue with the justice system of the country as it proves to be a disadvantage for people, the aboriginals and the socio-economically backward groups, in particular, as it disables them from having equal access to the justice system and denies their constitutional right to receive justice[2]. The courts are perceived as the most essential mechanism that is accountable for the non-compliance of the constitutional human rights exhibited by the Canadian Government. In regards to the persisting issue where the Constitutional and legal experts are urging the Liberal government to develop the Court Challenges Program to entail funding program for indigenous cases under section 35 of the Constitution, the liberal government has failed to undertake any such programs. The failure on part of the Liberal government to extend the Court Challenge Program to include pay for the indigenous cases that involves treaty rights which establishes the fact that the executive branch of government is failing to ensure equal justice to the people. Even the judiciary branch of government is failing to address the legal issues arising with respect to the non- compliance of such Constitutional rights. The court has been conferred with the power to ensure every person has an access to legal system and that they are administered justice. The non-compliance of the government with the humanitarian constitutional rights is breach of the powers conferred upon the government to ensure welfare and equality of the nationals. At present, the Canadian government is in a state where it purports to support Aboriginal rights. Moreover, the Minister of Justice being an aboriginal, it is expected that an additional step in implementing the Court Challenges Program in favor of the Aboriginal right cases. Given that the Prime Minister of the country have pledged to ensure a nation-to-nation relationship with the Aboriginal group of persons, the Court Challenges Program did not extend to cases dealt under section 35 of the Constitution which gives rise to a significant legal issue. The persisting exclusion of Aboriginal and treaty rights is contrary to the strict commitment of Canadas commitment to reconcile with its indigenous people. However, the Canadian government in its subsequent meetings has assured that Indigenous Canadians shall have access to the court to exercise their rights stipulated under section, 2, 3 and 7 of the Charter and interim costs shall be awarded under section 35 in appropriate cases. References Farrow, Trevor CW, et al. "Everyday Legal Problems and the Cost of Justice in Canada: Overview Report." (2016). https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/equal-access-justice-report-1.4404102 Sinclair, Raven. "The Indigenous Child Removal System in Canada: An Examination of Legal Decision-making and Racial Bias."First Peoples Child Family Review11.2 (2017): 8-18.

technology Essays (380 words) - Medicine, Computer, Medical Error

technology Firstly, there is a nonnegotiable point here that health services and art of medicine have been changed by computers in recent decades. Computers are able share the physician's duty which is save human lives. Since computers have been invented, new technological treatments that cooperate with computers have cured a thousand of patients. Eventually, there is nothing is more happy than to come to life again. Formerly, when a doctor wanted to diagnose their patients, he or she mainly used to apply their experiences. Unfortunately, this process is doubted sometimes. And now, computers and other accessory machines are able to diagnose accurately with less time. In addition, computers have the ability in analyzing genes. Now scientists have more conditions to examine organic structures or to invent many new medicines and modern treatments. Undoubtedly, the medicines current promotions closely connect with the development of computers. Therefore, we can agree unanimously that computers grea tly influence our existent medicine. Computers influence our society positively by the accuracy of the diagnoses, but also negatively as the physicians no longer need their expertise and knowledge. Computers often mess up and could misdiagnose someone whereas, a Physician's knowledge wouldn't falter. Furthermore, contacting people overseas is only a mouse click away with computers. It almost takes away the conception of spatial distance. Actually the greatest advantage of computers is reducing distance and connecting people together. By this or other ways, computers thoroughly support and push up our education. Nowadays, students certainly stay at home but still can study for his or her bachelor degree. This actually seemed to be impossible few decades ago. Those students just need to equip themselves with a computer connected internet at home only. This perfect utility is determined as computers greatest success for humankind. For example, one student, a handicap person, who has his or her health problems, completely feels uncomfortable to go to school. Consequently, he or she can use study online programs as their best solution. This is a great opportunity for such students; however, it also disconnects the student from the teacher. It is more convenient to stay at home, but a t the expense of the face to face education most students require. Also, computers crash and information could be lost. http://www.bradley.edu/las/eng/ENG306/Electronic/electronic.html http://www.sonic.net/~smcbooks/carrel/kelley48.html

SAT vs ACT Math Which Is Easier

SAT vs ACT Math Which Is Easier SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you put to a vote whether the ACT Math test or the SAT Math test is easier, there's going to be heavy contention on both sides. Some will swear up and down (and sideways) that the SAT Math section is easier. Others will not be moved by any force in the world away from the position that the ACT Math section is the simpler one. But which faction is right? And more importantly, which test should you take? We’ve broken down the ins and outs of each math test to tell you which is easier, depending on the type of test taker and math student you are. Note: This article is based on the old (pre-2016) SAT Math format. For an updated comparison of the ACT and SAT Math sections, refer to our guide on the differences between these two tests. SAT and ACT Math Basics Though there are more similarities than not between the ACT Math section and the SAT Math section, there are still distinct differences in the structure, content, and timing of each test. And these differences are what make many people favor one math test over the other. In this section, we'll break down the basics of the style and content of each math section. We'll then compare the two tests in more detail side-by-side, giving you the pros and cons of each. Style of the SAT and ACT Math Tests While the tests are, of course, both math tests, each has its own distinct "flavor" and testing style. In this case, the "style" of the test includes the pacing of each test, the way the questions are phrased, and what each test sets out to measure. At the most basic level, the ACT Math section is set up to test how well you’ve retained your mathematical knowledge up to this point in your academic career. It also does this on a rapid timetable to make it a little more challenging. The questions will be a mixture of scenario ("Mary has 12 apples ...") and non-scenario ("Solve for x"), but each problem is designed to be as clear and straightforward as possible. The goal is to test you on the math concept at hand more than anything else- do you know how to solve it, or don't you? The SAT, on the other hand, is designed to test both your accumulated math knowledge as well as how well you can apply this knowledge to new math scenarios. The test is slower (meaning you have more time per question than you do on the ACT) and generally requires you to have a higher level of reading comprehension. The questions will be a mixture of scenario and non-scenario in addition to straightforward and "tricky." In general, questions at the beginning of each section will be straightforward, while questions at the end of each section will require more creative mathematical thinking and attention to detail. As you can see, although both the ACT and SAT Math tests are, at their core, a test of your math skills, their styles are noticeably distinct. Content of the SAT and ACT Math Tests Now that we've talked a little about the style and presentation of the SAT and ACT Math tests, let's talk about the math content each section covers. Both tests are designed to measure the math skill levels of millions of students each year, each of whom comes from a different background and brings different strengths to the table. This means that each test must be challenging for the vast majority of students (after all, if everyone got 100% of the questions right, it wouldn't do much to indicate individual skill level, would it?). Some of this challenge comes from the style of the test, as we saw earlier, and the rest comes from the content of each test. The ACT covers a wider range of math content than the SAT does, including algebra, plane and coordinate geometry, pre-calculus (including logarithms, rational numbers, complex numbers, and polynomials), and trigonometry. It's a good idea to take the ACT only while or after taking a class that covers pre-calculus and/or trig (or at least taken a stab at learning the subjects on your own). It's also important to note that you will not be given a formula box on the ACT, so you will have to memorize every formulayou'll need. The SAT covers a much narrower math subject range compared to the ACT and is limited to algebra and plane/coordinate geometry.You will never see trigonometry questions on the SAT and can realistically do quite well on the test without taking a pre-calculus class (though, of course, the more math classes you take in school, the better prepared you'll be for any standardized math test). You will also be given a formula box. But while the math content of the SAT is less extensive, each concept is tested in more detail and in new and creative ways. For example, you might have two questions on slopes for the ACT, but five or six slope questions- each of which will test you on a more nuanced facet on the subject- on the SAT. Naughty-nice list, pros and cons ... basically the same thing, right? ACT Math vs SAT Math: Pros and Cons So we’ve looked at the basics for the SAT and ACT Math tests, but how do you weigh in on the pros and cons of each? Let’s take a look. Aptitude vs Achievement Whether or not you agree that the ACT and SAT Math sections achieve what they were set up to measure, each test was designed with a specific purpose in mind. The SAT was designed to test the aptitude of a student- basically, one’s raw potential. How well do you solve puzzles? How well can you incorporate and use new information? Though you can (and absolutely should!) study for the SAT, the test was designed to measure a student’s ability to reason. The ACT, on the other hand, was designed as a test of achievement. How well have you learned a topic? Can you prove that mastery on paper? In this way, the ACT is more like the tests you take in school: learn a topic and take a test to illustrate that you’ve mastered it. Now, again, it can be argued that the tests are more alike than they are different when it comes to reflecting student ability (as well as other factors), but this is how they were set up and designed, and so some of these values still hold true. Special Note: The new SAT is making more of a transition toward testing student achievement, much like the ACT. This means that the two tests will soon have less variation on this measure than they do now. Reading Comprehension vs Trigonometry The SAT Math section is like a cross between a math test and a reading test. To solve each math question, you must first break down exactly what the question is asking you to find (often trickier than it sounds!) and then use your mathematical know-how to find that information. The ACT Math section is more straightforward and will generally only ask you to demonstrate your existing knowledge in exactly the same way the math tests you take in school do. The drawback is that you must have a wider range of math knowledge going into the test. If you don’t know trigonometry or logarithms (and if you haven't memorized your formulas), then you will miss questions on a significant chunk of the test. Trickier Questions vs Time Crunch Many SAT Math questions in the medium- and high-difficulty range are designed to make students who aren’t paying attention fall into math traps and choose bait answers. If you have familiarized yourself with the types of questions on the SAT, you will often be able to dodge these metaphorical pitfalls- but it’s not always easy. To balance this out, you will have 1.25-1.4 minutes to answer each math question (depending on the section). This is to give each student long enough to both answer the question and double-check the work, but always keep in mind that everyone’s test-taking pace is different. The ACT Math questions are, again, more direct and aren't designed to trick you, though this does notmean they are easy. You must also answer more questions in a shorter amount of time to make up for the benefit of more straightforward questions. You will only have an average of one minute per ACT Math question, which means you only have 70% as much time to answer each question as you do on most SAT Math questions. Multiple Short Sections vs All at Once Some people thrive on getting tasks done all at once, while others need breaks between subjects. How you test utterly depends on you. The SAT breaks up each of its three topics- Writing, Critical Reading, and Math- into multiple sections and scatters them throughout the whole test. You will never have to focus on one topic for more than 25 minutes at a stretch on the SAT. This can be a great gift for people who need to vary up their routine or who run out of steam in the long-term, but can be distracting for others who have trouble switching focus from topic to topic. The ACT tests each of its four subjects- Reading, Math, English, and Science- individually and completely. The subjects are not broken up and scattered but are arranged in order and must be completed one at a time. The ACT Math test is a full 60 minutes and takes place all at once, which is good for anyone who likes to get tasks completed and out of the way; however, this might be exhausting for others. Leaving Blank Answers vs Strategically Guessing The SAT penalizes random guessing by issuing a -0.25 point penalty for any wrong answer. If you can eliminate answer choices, your best bet is to guess, but if you can't, then you're better off leaving the answer blank. This point penalty can also be a huge blow to your score if you aren't careful about selecting your answer choices. Remember that many questions in the medium- and high-difficulty section on the SAT are engineered to make students make "careless errors." These errors include finding the wrong value (e.g., finding x instead of 2x), stopping the process of solving a math problem too soon, or performing a math function the wrong number of times. Often, you will see bait answers in the answer choices that correspond with these mistakes. This means that you should always be as sure as you can be about your answer choices before you make your final decision, especially with those questions in the medium- and high-difficulty range. Note that the SAT Math questions are in ascending order of difficulty and this resets for the grid-in. So the "high difficulty" range on the SAT is in the last several problems of each Math section, and in the multiple-choice questions right before the grid-in questions begin. The ACT, on the other hand, does NOT issue a point penalty for guessing or wrong answers. If you can eliminate answer choices, great! If not, it’s still fine! Always make a guess on an ACT question and never leave a question blank. It might seem that the ACT is easier than the SAT- after all, why be penalized when you don’t have to be?- but remember that the test is also curved across all students who take the test. So it might be the case that you as an individual will lose fewer points on the ACT because there is no guessing penalty, but it will be the same for everyone elseas well. In the end, the curve is about the same whether your guessing is penalized or not, so your best option for either test is to eliminate answer choices where you can and guess with as much strategy as possible. For more on how to guess questions on the SAT and ACT, check out our individual guides. Though we can't promise you'll be entirely "happy" taking either test, you will likely have a preference for one over the other. SAT Math vs ACT Math: Which Test Is Better for You? What it all comes down to is which test should you take: ACT Math or SAT Math? Unfortunately, the only way you will truly be able to determine which test is better for you is to sit down and take each one. If you're going to dedicate the recommended amount of time to studying (about 40 hours is a good rule of thumb) for your standardized test of choice, you may as well start by finding the right test for you. After all, how awful would it be to spend 30 hours studying for the ACT only to discover that you like the SAT better, or vice versa? So check out where to find real, free practice tests online for both the ACTand the SAT,and carve out some time (on separate days!) to take each one. But if you’re truly determined to only take one test, or if you simply want to know where to start first, take a look below. Be honest with yourself about your mathematical strengths and weaknesses, and find the test that you feel you can soundly conquer. Type of Math Student ACT SAT Does well on math tests in school âÅ"“ âÅ"“ Is good at memorizing mathematical concepts âÅ"“ Is good at solving new puzzles âÅ"“ Works well at a fast pace âÅ"“ Is good at paying attention to details âÅ"“ Does well on reading comprehension âÅ"“ Doesn’t get bored or tired easily âÅ"“ Has taken pre-calculus and/or trigonometry âÅ"“ Likes to switch focus from topic to topic âÅ"“ SAT Math or ACT Math? The Takeaways Both the ACT and SAT Math sections are entirely trainable, and you will be able to build up your scores no matter where you start. So take a look at each test and find the one that is more comfortable for you, both in terms of the math content and the test as a whole. Different people have different strengths and weaknesses, so don’t worry about what anyone else says is easier or better. Colleges have no preference whatsoever anymore for which test you take, so the decision is entirely up to you! What’s Next? Worried that your school of choice really does have a preference for the ACT or SAT? Check out how the Ivy Leagues feel about the ACT and SAT. Running out of time during your ACT or SAT Math section? Our guides will help you beat the clock on both the ACT Math section and the SAT Math section. Aiming for a perfect SAT/ACT Math score? Once you've decided on your test of choice, check out how to get a perfect 36 on the ACT Math section or a perfect 800 on the SAT Math section. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Math strategy guide, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial: Disappointed with your ACT scores? Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

Short written assingment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Short written assingment - Assignment Example Convened on November 20, 2013, the meeting was developed to touch on issues related to the use of intellectual property. The meeting took place between 11:30 am and 1:30 pm at the Offices of Greenberg Traurig, 4 Embarcadero Center, Suite 3000 in Francisco. The meeting was under the sponsorship of Greenberg Traurig. The main issue under discussion was â€Å"The latest in E-music issues.† The speaker during the meeting was the Intellectual property litigator, William Coats. He is an accomplished professional in matters related to trade secrets, copyrights, trademarks, and patents. He is quite conversant with dispute issues related to intellectual property especially relating to the movie, electronic as well as computer industries. Bill discussed a number of issues with the participants that gave them insight on various issues related to E-commerce. He focused more on the limitations and the provisions of intellectual property laws but never missed points related to the usability of e-commerce. Firstly, he talked about the utilization of advertising in the internet using the classical songs that were developed before 1972. Secondly, he talked about the legislations that were underway that could have an impact on e-commerce. Thirdly, he gave an insight on the use of small music clips without necessarily seeking for a license. Fourthly, he put into perspective the issue of using electronic signature when giving the rights to use the music, while considering the underlying the effects on e-commerce. Fifthly, he talked about the intellectual property rights that are likely to affect the use and sale of E-music. Finally, he talked about the fight against e-commerce by labels that have fought to have sale of music t hrough the internet disallowed. The meeting was geared towards sensitizing the committee on the possibilities and limitations of e-commerce as it relates to music. Intellectual priority was given the top priority while the laws that govern trade and

Xuyu Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Xuyu - Coursework Example In addition, the feeling improves children self-image and social relations. Marla is highly vulnerable to develop prejudices than Jane because of her negative attitude towards Bernadette’s situation. She criticizes Bernadate, yet fails to analyze possible causes for her poor performance. However, Jane is more understanding and supportive. Despite Bernadate’s poor performance, she understands the impact of divorce on concentration. Conversely, Marla lacks personal skills to understand the feeling of others, and control of negative thoughts. Older childrens ability to analyze information improves their perspective taking, emotional and moral understanding of themselves and others. Thus, mature children easily comprehend life difficulties and appreciate role of their friends. For instance, older children analyze and strive to fit in friends’ situations in times of challenges. The children offer moral support to their friends because they fully know impacts of life experiences. I never attended integrated elementary school. However, benefits of integrated school in child development and reduction of ethnic and racial and prejudice are enormous. The schools facilitate cross-cultural understanding. Principally, integrated schools minimize cross-racial discrimination, damaging bias and

International Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 12

International Relations - Essay Example Sen (2002) identify the misconception surrounding globalization. He identifies globalization as an ancient practice. The definition of globalization is well portrayed by the number of activities a country is involved in. There is need to outline globalization as a current phenomenon. A distinction should be made between globalization and westernization, the focus should on how the concept affects sovereignty of a given nation. Globalization provides a different concept form that experienced during the 20th century. The then period was characterized by European dominance. This meant that national all over the world where under the jurisdiction of European nation. The shift in balance begun in mid 20th century where United States and the Soviet Union ruled over international matters (Baylis et al. 75). The concept infringed on the rights other nations. The core nation enjoyed political and economic dominancy (Baylis et al. 207). Globalization creates a level playing ground, this means that setting standards to be used by different nation in their domestic matters. This meant that the oppressed nations felt the need to focus on alternative means to create opportunities for themselves. Sen (2002) acknowledges the ancient worries and how this is being transformed. Countries are them working on models based on global requirement. The interdependent between nations has created a platform where current events depend on global patterns rather than domestic components. Sen (2002) indicate a different pattern on global events. The concept of loss and profit sharing within states indicate the nature in which globalization has influenced issues. The common market protocol means that identifying risks within a given economy and applying global components to deal with them effectively. The profit sharing portfolio among major global unions and partnership means that the earlier gains experienced by a given

Essay --

The Cape Wind Project is a new, controversial offshore wind farm in Nantucket Sound. The project is presented by Jim Gordon of Energy Management Inc. As of right now, the project is approved, upon completion it could be the only offshore wind energy project in the United States. The project will force construction of 130, 400 foot wind turbines in Horseshoe Shoal, Nantucket Sound. The total cost of the project is estimated at around $2.6 billion with Cape Wind already arranging to borrow two million from The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ. Cape Wind has already lined up having the turbines supplied by Siemens. Based off of successful wind farms in Europe, Cape Wind is expected to be a huge asset to the Cape and Islands, even with the controversy surrounding the turbine’s presence. Light construction of the project already began in 2013. The Alliance to Protect Nantucket Sound is one of the project’s largest groups against the construction of the turbines. In 2010, the nation’s first commercial lease was given to Cape Wind to construct the offshore wind energy facility. â€Å"The lease area is comprised of approximately 46 square miles in Nantucket Sound offshore Massachusetts, which accounts for both the project area and a buffer zone. The 33-year lease will cost Cape Wind $88,278 in annual rental payments prior to energy production, and a 2 to 7 percent operating fee once production has commenced. The fee is based on an estimate of what the project’s output would sell for in regional markets,† (BOEM). In April 2011 the construction and operations plan was approved and currently it is in the projection of the finances phase, construction is expected to begin soon after. According to Cape Wind’s website, the project will result in, â€Å"cl... ... the potential negatives. The construction has the potential to cause huge disruptions in the delicate marine and wildlife that is present in Nantucket Sound and also to affect the islands due to their large size, location and also lights needed to alert travelers. Since the turbines are not complete yet, the effects are only stipulation but evidence from wind turbines in Europe show that they pose minimal risk. The move towards a green, renewable form of energy is modern and important to the current day in age. Many worry about the atheistic disruption the turbines will cause but it is important to view this as the least of the potential issues. Cape Wind is a forward thinking project that is based off of successful offshore wind farms in Europe, it will help the Cape and Islands begin to step forward towards a cleaner means of energy that is becoming a necessity.

Pretty Babies, Child Beauty Pageants Essay

Many of us first learned about the world of child beauty pageants when a 5  ½ year old beauty queen named JonBenet Ramsey was found murdered the day after Christmas in 1996. The child was murdered in her Boulder Colorado home and found in the basement with her hands tied, her mouth duct taped, and her throat garroted. Her death was ruled strangulation but there was also blunt force trauma to her head as well as vaginal injury (Auge, Karen, par. 13-15). Her death brought these pageants into our minds, conversations and living rooms and many people were shocked to see a child of that age made up like an adult woman, some even said like a prostitute and accused the pageants of sexualizing her and the other children. Images and videos of JonBenet with her hair curled, teased, and sprayed, wearing heavy make-up and glamorous outfits were splattered across the newsstands and she pranced across our televisions winking, flirting and dancing. Any link of her death to the pageants is speculative since the murder remains unsolved, but many people could not help but wonder how safe it was for a child to be made a spectacle of in such a fashion. This past Monday would have been JonBenets 22nd birthday. Perhaps it is time that we as a society take a good look at child beauty pageants and decide what place if any they have in the future for our daughters. JonBenet was the daughter of a wealthy businessman named John Ramsey and his wife, a former Miss West Virginia 1977, Patsy. Patsy has since passed away but John Ramsey has written a book titled â€Å"The Other Side of Suffering† and in an interview with Nightline, John has expressed his regret that JonBenet participated in the pageants. He states in the interview â€Å"Only because- that possibly (the pageants) might have drawn attention to us. † â€Å"I don’t know. But- I think for- for advice to parents is just recognize that- regardless of where you live, there could be evil around you. And don’t be naive about it. And keep your kids protected† (Chang, par. 0). He wonders now about some of the public appearances JonBenet made and if the murderer was maybe in the audience. He says â€Å"Patsy had her sitting atop a friend’s convertible in the Christmas parade waving at people lining the streets. † â€Å"Patsy’s mother later told me that a strange man approached the car during the parade and it made her uncomfortable. I think about these things now and it makes me cringe. We were so naive. I now believe with all my heart that it is not a good idea to put your child on public display. (Chang, par. 7). His words give weight to the issue at hand and initially, it seems, many people felt the same way as child pageants took a financial hit as less people wanted to be associated with the â€Å"publicly tainted industry† (Friedman, par. 5). Fifteen years after the tragic death of JonBenet the pageants have enjoyed a resurgence in popularity (Friedman, par. 6) thanks in large part to the hit show on The Learning Channel, Toddlers & Tiaras. The show is immensely popular and is now in its fourth season (IMDB, 2012). Understanding, of course that this is a television show and not a documentary, that it has been edited for drama and to create what is commonly called â€Å"good television†, the show nonetheless gives a viewer a look inside this somewhat alien world. In his interview John Ramsey stated that he had never watched the show but had caught snippets that he finds disturbing. â€Å"It is very bizarre† he states â€Å"And, it certainly- Patsy and JonBenet didn’t approach it that way. We-they just did it for fun. †(Chang, par. 5). Will the parents or the pageant officials take heed? Or will the allure of glamour and profit make them justify their actions? Watching the television show you are immediately struck by one fact; this is a southern thing. To the people who do this, none of it is strange. In fact many of the parents were overjoyed to learn they were pregnant with girls and began to buy gowns before their babies were even born. One mother who has a boy and a girl stated that she had been very upset when she found out that she was pregnant with the boy until she found out that boys could participate in pageants as well. She even stated, on television, that she had only had children so she could put them in pageants. This would seem very strange to many people, but if you watch the show you will hear statements like this over and over, often in front of the children and always on camera (Toddlers & Tiaras, 2009-2012). What is apparent is that this is truly a culture. They call themselves â€Å"Pageant People† (Toddlers & Tiaras, 2009-2012) and this encompasses not only the contestants and their families but also the judges, pageant directors and announcers and the many, many service people used by the contestants from dress designers to make-up artists and hairstylists to spray tanners and waxers and many of the girls even get facials before a pageants even though their skin cannot possibly look much younger. The popularity of this television show is evident, anyone using a search engine that types in the name of the show will be directed to literally thousands of articles, opinion pieces and fan based websites as well as many spoofs of the show starring big names like Ashley Tisdale and Tom Hanks and has enjoyed the pinnacle of success in the eyes of many, satire on Saturday Night Live. But what about the tiny stars of the show? How safe are they? Is all of this good for them? Watching the show you will see a few kids and moms that seem almost normal, of course these people never get to be the stars. The stars are the children who are bratty, who throw temper tantrums, hit their parents, try to bite other kids and just generally misbehave. The mothers who get the most airtime are of course the ones who say the meanest and most bizarre things. Who treat their children like performing monkeys and seemingly will do anything to get their small progeny to perform on stage. It is remarkable to watch a child transform in just moments from a sparkling banshee into a sweetly smiling and composed young lady, or gentleman on stage. The majority of the children featured on Toddlers & Tiaras are little girls but there are a few boys featured as well. It seems unfortunate that the more poorly behaved the people on the show are the more they are rewarded with fame. One strange family has even got their own spin-off show called, Here Comes Honey Boo-Boo (IMDB, 2012). The children often throw fits because they are being forced to do something they do not want to do. Over and over, in almost every episode the children state that they hate doing the beauty portion of the competition. For those unfamiliar with how things work it important to know that the beauty portion is the most important piece of the pageant where girls are judged on their poise, their attire, hair and make-up, and most of all their facial beauty. They are not really expected to perform at this stage of the pageant but only to walk slowly from mark to mark on the stage stopping briefly at each mark to spin and smile sweetly at the judges and the audience and slowly turn from side to side so that all spectators can take in their appearance. One little girl who was seven was criticized by a female judge for â€Å"having too much personality for beauty† although of the same girl a male judge stated that he â€Å"could not take my eyes off her†( Toddlers & Tiaras, season 4, 2012). The girl went on to win the biggest crown in the pageant and a contract with an agent. The judges of the pageants can often seem harsh and mark the children down for seemingly acceptable things for the contestants to do, given that most of the girls featured on the show are only between the ages of four and nine. A six year old was marked down because her ankle rolled. She was wearing high heels. A four year old was marked down because her fake teeth or â€Å"flipper† fell out during the beauty portion. Another girl was marked down for being too â€Å"fake†(?! ). And in one episode the little girls were competing for ten thousand dollars and some former contestants came out of retirement to compete. They were as old as twenty-one and some were doing very sexy dances; the male judge was obviously captivated and would not stop talking about the older contestants. A 20 year old won. Against little girls. (Toddlers & Tiaras, 2009-2012) You will see some moments on the show where the parents are caring and the children seem to be keeping the whole thing in perspective. One of the fathers, who has 3 children in the pageants does not allow his kids to be tanned or wear fake teeth and lashes and says some of it is â€Å"too far†. He also keeps the bills for the pageants a little lower by renting the dresses and says he preferred the natural pageants. Another one of the parents, this one a mother, laughed when her nine year old daughter’s hair fell down during the pageant, she told her she did â€Å"so good† and reassured her when she began to cry that it was okay. Then said she was just glad she got a crown (in many of the pageants every contestant gets some type of crown) and that she did not need to win the ultimate title and the little girl stated after she calmed down â€Å"win graciously, lose humbly†. Another little girl who won a high title stated that the title she had gotten was really good because â€Å"There’s a lot of girls here†¦ and they tried hard too†. One mother who had seemed very extreme during the beginning of the pageant seemed to have an epiphany at some point during the pageant and said that this would be her seven year old daughter’s last pageant and that her daughter was â€Å"beautiful on her own†. (Toddlers & Tiaras, 2009-2012). In one touching episode, a mother had only boys and it seemed that her six year old son and her had a very special relationship based on the pageants. The father, in spite of being supportive, was done with his son being in the pageants and wanted this to be his last one. The boy seemed happy to do the pageants and seemed to have a very special relationship with his mother. At the end of the show they were crying and hugging each other and it was actually hard not to be sad for them (Toddlers & Tiaras, 2009-2012) Most of the other parents are not like those ones and the majority of the scenes shown depict these women as bitter and jealous. The way they speak of the other children is disgraceful. They say mean things in front of their own kids about the other children, especially if the other children win and their daughter did not, like that the girl who won did not deserve it and often say that the pageant was unfair or rigged. One mom on the sidelines said about a girl on the stage â€Å"If she wins, she better go get some cellulite treatment done†(Toddlers & Tiaras, 2009-2012). The little girls definitely pick up this cattiness from their mothers. Many times over these children say that they are better or prettier than the other girls. One six year old girl knew from her mother that one of the other girls was her biggest competition at the pageant. The other girl was well known for her continuing pacifier dependency and first girl said that she had a secret weapon for her opponent so she could beat her and held up a gag pacifier that had funny looking teeth on the front of it and then snickered. In one sad scene there were sister aged ten and eight who were competing in the same pageant, the eight year old stated that she was going to beat her sister and if her sister started crying she would â€Å"beat her to he ground†. When the older sister started to cry and said that it was because she was being mean the younger one told her to â€Å"Stop crying, you’re embarrassing me! † (Toddlers & Tiaras, 2009-2012). If you think the â€Å"tiger moms† would be less cruel to their own offspring you would learn that often that is not the case. Over and over when the children cry because they are hungry, tired, something being done to them hurts or they lost they are told not to cry because they are on camera or that the pageant is not over and their make-up will be ruined. One mom talking about her daughter said that she, the mom, had been better at cheerleading and that her daughter just can’t â€Å"get it† like her. Her daughter was nine. One child was forced to stop doing gymnastics because it was making her muscles too big for her costumes and her mother told her â€Å"that was sucky† when she came off stage. Over and over the children are cruelly disregarded or ignored when they state that they are in pain, feeling sick, hungry or tired. In a heart stopping scene a nine year old girl went missing in full hair and make-up and was no longer in the hotel. In every scene shown by the television show the mom was worried about her being late for her age line up and not concerned for her safety. Luckily, she was found in time, and her standing in the pageant was unaffected. That the girls often cry when they lose is no surprise when you take in that the mothers often cry or state they are going to throw up and berate their daughters for blowing on stage by forgetting to smile at the judges or forgetting part of their routine. The moms let their daughters know that they lost too if their crown is not big enough and does not come with a high title attached to it. The moms will tell their daughters who are smiling and holding a crown that they lost and the crown they have is for losers. One mom while sitting in the audience was â€Å"pissed† and going to cry and listed what the other little girls got and that her daughter didn’t get anything. No wonder the little girl had a tantrum and screamed that she wanted a crown (Toddlers & Tiaras, 2009-2012) Many of these mothers are, like Patsy Ramsey, former beauty queens themselves and will stop and nothing to ensure their daughters success in the pageant world. Sometimes it becomes so extreme that it makes the news. In 2011 ABC News did a story on a mom who gave her 8 year old daughter Botox injections because she had wrinkles (Hagan, Kunin and Ghebremedhin, par. 5). The mother was not a doctor but an esthetician, which is basically a beautician for the skin. She claims her daughter wanted to try it herself because her wrinkles bothered her. This is hopefully a rare case but more commonly these young children have their eyebrows waxed, they receive spray tans, even if they are African American or bi-racial. They have acrylic nails put on, they are fitted for fake teeth to go over their own teeth called flippers, they have hair extensions put in because often their baby fine hair either is not thick enough for the large hair-dos or not strong enough to take the heat and styling. Some of the girls have their hair bleached before a pageant. Sometimes these things hurt or are uncomfortable and the children complain. There seems to be a particular hatred amongst the little girls for the false eyelashes. Many of the girls scream and cry and beg to not have to wear them to no avail. These are typically services reserved for very high maintenance women and many adult women would not have the patience for them. The FDA has not done studies on the safety of these chemicals for use on children either. How does it feel to sit in make-up and hair for two hours for a child of say four? On pageant day the real magic begins. The girls are up early in the morning in their hotel rooms. They are fed breakfast and then the beauty regime begins. The pageants last all day and usually include several outfit changes and the performance of practiced routines. The girls, some very young, are not allowed to eat or nap so their hair and make-up do not become ruined. To make up for this, the moms have found some magic. On pageant day the girls have sugar cubes and Pixie Stix poured into their mouths all day long and are fed through a straw high caffeine and sugar drinks like Mountain Dew and some†¦ Red Bull energy drinks. There is some serious concern over the safety of these drinks (Ostrow, 2011). One mother asked her daughter before the pageant if she wanted to quit doing them. The girl nodded yes and the mom said â€Å" Let’s look at your crowns! Doesn’t that make you feel better? † (Toddlers & Tiaras, 2009-2012). One of the reasons many of the parents say they do it is often for the prizes, money, bonds and scholarships. Indeed, some of the pageants featured on the television show do boast some large prizes. But most of the parents admit that they have spent many times over what their child has received. Several of the moms admit to lying to their husbands about how much they spend and one single mom has moved in with her parents so they could continue to pay for pageants and it is common for the mothers to take a â€Å"pageant job† (Toddlers & Tiaras, 2009-2012) to cover some of the expenses. Some of the parents spend lavishly on the pageants. Many of the pageants have a top prize of only several hundred dollars yet the girls will show up in 2500$ dresses. In one episode two sisters have their very own trailer for pageant accessories that have their pictures emblazoned on the sides. One very enterprising mother has published a pageant book about her daughter, recorded a song and had a doll made in her daughters image. In an episode where they went to the Tonight Show she was saying how she was planning to get her daughter and agent and a two million dollar contract so she could quit her job and move to Hollywood. It seems as if the parents either have delusions about some pay off that will eventually come if they keep plugging away or they really have just found a very expensive habit that they justify for other reasons.

Sethes Children Essay - 673 Words

Motherhood is an integral theme in the work of Toni Morrison. She uses the experiences and perspectives of black women to develop a view of black motherhood, that is, in terms of both maternal identity and role, very different from how motherhood is practised in the dominant culture. Whilst the African view of motherhood claims that all mothers are a symbol of creativity on Earth, American slavery forced many black women to repress their natural instinct to nurture their offspring. In Morrisons view, motherhood is an act of resistance essential to black womens fight against racism and sexism. OReilly suggests that Morrsions maternal†¦show more content†¦In the clearing she asks the children to `let your mothers hear you laugh, the men to `let your wives and children see you dance, and for the women to `just cry. Here, she is giving each person the opportunity to fulfil an aspect of their familial role and to love their bodies. The children can be carefree and na#239;ve, the fathers can entertain their children and the wives can cry for their families and for the atrocities in their lives. Morrison herself said of Sethes actions `It is the ultimate gesture of a loving mother. It is the outrageous claim of a slave. By killing the crawling already? baby, she is preventing her from the physical and emotional horrors of slavery by making the ultimate sacrifice. She knows that her children would be better off dead than in the hands of schoolteacher. Sethe understands that the role of a mother is to protect, care, love and to seek the best for her children, and she would have failed as a parent if she had allowed them to enter the world of slavery. But I would also suggest that killing the crawling already? baby is a desperate attempt to keep her as her own. Her children are her `best thing in life. She was denied the right to a relationship with her own mother as a child, instead she had a whet nurse. It is possible that Sethe is so determined to get the milk to her babies on theShow MoreRelatedToni Morrison s Beloved : Dehumanization Of Slavery And Its Effects On Afr ican Americans And Their Basic Forms Of1268 Words   |  6 Pagesbetween Sethe and her children. Most importantly, her use of Sethe’s controversial act of infanticide shows the lengths that Sethe will take to protect her children from slavery. Morrison’s depiction of Sethe’s motherhood shows how slavery has deconstructed the Eurocentric expectations and traditions of motherhood and gender for black women. Rather than victimize Sethe’s as an enslaved woman, Morrision decides to celebrate her triumphs and suffering in Beloved. Therefore, Sethe’s identity as an enslavedRead MoreEssay about The Association of Maternal Bonds and Identity in Beloved1583 Words   |  7 Pagescharacter Sethe is a mother who fails to realize her children’s needs. She attempts to protect her children from the community amongst many other dangers such as slavery and love, however ultimately isolating them. Sethe’s character as well as actions confirms the â⠂¬Å"struggle and psychological trauma of slavery† (Napierkowski 35) from which she suffers. Shapes of almonds and depth â€Å"like two wells,†(9) Sethe’s eyes are â€Å"some sign to warn folks of what that emptiness held† (9). Sethe has yet to confrontRead MoreSummary Of Slavery In Toni Morrisons Beloved996 Words   |  4 PagesMorrison blends many aspects of the pain endured by her characters throughout Beloved into a tale that illustrates the true extent of the damage slavery causes. One of the main themes, and a focus of this suffering, is Motherhood. Morrison creates Sethe’s motherhood to be a critical aspect of her character, then targets this trait with abuse and violence to illustrate the depth of pain slavery inflicts on its subjects. Morrison shows the damage slavery causes through the vein of motherhood by combiningRead MoreBeloved: Slavery1080 Words   |  5 Pagesnovel. These memories, oftentimes related to Sethe’s experience a s a slave, take control of her life. As Sethe continues to recall these memories, she inches closer and closer to insanity. These events that occur with Sethe, in both her past and present, show a theme that Morrison tries to illustrate in the story. This theme shows that the memories of slavery will never die in the eyes of a former slave. This is illustrated through three phases: Sethe’s memories of life at Sweet Home, Schoolteacher’sRead More Essay on Toni Morrisons Beloved - Sethes Act of Filicide1653 Words   |  7 PagesSethes Act of Filicide in Beloved      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shortly after the publication of Beloved, Toni Morrison commented in an interview that Sethes murder of Beloved was the right thing to do, but she had no right to do it.... It was the only thing to do, but it was the wrong thing to do.1[1]   Does this remark prove the moral ambiguity of the infanticide, as Terry Otten argues?2[2]   Yes, it was right but wrong, and wrong but right.   However, the most important thing is that It was the only thing toRead MoreBeloved Character Analysis867 Words   |  4 PagesHome, in order to save her children she attempts to kill them. She succeeds in killing one by cutting the infant’s throat with a hacksaw. This â€Å"rough choice† revolves around the novel on whether or not, the choice was right or wrong. Sethe’s tough choice between the right or wrong in the murder of her child is right and was necessary for her to insure the safety of her children, to express her motherly love, and to become a strong f igure in her childrens lives. Sethe’s â€Å"rough choice† was the rightRead MoreThe Soul Of A Deceased Child By Toni Morrison1340 Words   |  6 Pagesghost haunting her mother and sister. The bond between a mother and her children is evident throughout Toni Morrison’s 1987 novel, Beloved; seen in Sethe’s lack of a relationship with her mother, and therefore, her desire to properly nurture her own children. Unfortunately, slavery does not allow for the existence of motherhood. The motherly impulse to protect one’s children is innate, but in the dehumanizing realm of slavery, Sethe’s maternal instincts are limited and distorted. Slavery poses many physicalRead MoreLove and Trauma: Exploring Magical Realism in Toni Morrison ´s Beloved843 Words   |  3 Pageskill all of her children with a hacksaw. Sethe succeeds only in murdering her baby daughter, Beloved; however, the ghost of Beloved haunts Sethe’s home until Paul D, a friend from the plantation, arrives une xpectedly and successfully exorcises the spirit. Later, when a young woman baring the name Beloved physically appears in the lives of Sethe, Paul D, and Sethe’s other daughter Denver, magical realism enables the reader to recognize that this woman is the reincarnation of Sethe’s murdered daughterRead More Beloved Essay984 Words   |  4 Pageskilling of their children. In both pieces, the actions of the mothers cause the audience to think twice about the limits of maternal love. Sethe tries to kill her children to save them from a life of slavery. Sethe’s plot was unsuccessful, for only one daughter was murdered. To fully understand Sethe’s actions, the reader must realize that on that August afternoon in 1855, Sethe reaches for the handsaw to protect her children from Schoolteacher. Sethe wants to murder her other children, but they escapeRead MoreThe Defined versus The Definers Essay585 Words   |  3 Pagesyou challenge your past and take ownership o f it. Not every character complies with Morrison’s claim, some defy it and let others define them. Sethe struggles to face the true and honest past, yet finds minute moments of a felt sense of ownership. Sethe’s struggle to find her self ownership blooms from her past at Sweet Home. She was young when she first came to Sweet Home the â€Å"six men† treated her with a â€Å"mild brotherly flirtation†. Under the care of Mr. and Mrs. Garner, Sethe was well taken care