Washington Irving

Washington Irving was the first American to make a living as an author and during his prolific career in the early 1800s he created celebrated characters such as Rip Van Winkle and Ichabod Crane. His youthful satirical writings popularized two terms still closely associated with New York City, Gotham and Knickerbocker. Irving also contributed something to holiday traditions, as his conception of a saintly character with a flying sleigh delivering toys to children at Christmas evolved into our modern depictions of Santa Claus. Early Life of Washington Irving Washington Irving was born April 3, 1783 in lower Manhattan, during the week that New York City residents heard of the British ceasefire in Virginia that effectively ended the Revolutionary War. To pay tribute to the great hero of the time, General George Washington, Irvings parents named their eighth child in his honor. When George Washington took the oath of office as the first American president at Federal Hall in New York City, six-year-old Washington Irving stood among the thousands of people celebrating in the streets. A few months later he was introduced to President Washington, who was shopping in lower Manhattan. For the rest of his life Irving told the story of how the president patted him on the head. While attending school, young Washington was believed to be slow-witted, and one teacher labeled him a dunce. He did, however, learn to read and write, and became obsessed with telling stories. Some of his brothers attended Columbia College, yet Washingtons formal education ended at the age of 16. He became apprenticed to a law office, which was a typical route to becoming a lawyer in the era before law schools were common. Yet the aspiring writer was  far more interested in wandering about Manhattan and studying the daily life of New Yorkers than he was in the classroom. Early Political Satires Irvings older brother Peter, a physician who was actually more interested in politics than medicine, was active in the New York political machine headed by Aaron Burr. Peter Irving edited a newspaper aligned with Burr, and in November 1802 Washington Irving published his first article, a political satire signed with the pseudonym Jonathan Oldstyle. Irving wrote a series of articles as Oldstyle over the next few months. It was common knowledge in New York circles that he was the real author of the articles, and he enjoyed the recognition. He was 19 years old. One of Washingtons older brothers, William Irving, decided that a trip to Europe might give the aspiring writer some direction, so he financed the voyage. Washington Irving left New York, bound for France, in 1804, and didnt return to America for two years. His tour of Europe broadened his mind and gave him material for later writing. Salmagundi, a Satirical Magazine After returning to New York City, Irving resumed studying to become a lawyer, but his real interest was in writing. With a friend and one of his brothers he began collaborating on a magazine that lampooned Manhattan society. The new publication was called Salmagundi, a familiar term at the time as it was a common food similar to present day chefs salad. The little magazine turned out to be shockingly popular and 20 issues appeared from early 1807 to early 1808. The humor in Salmagundi was gentle by todays standards, but 200 years ago it seemed startling and the magazines style became a sensation. One lasting contribution to American culture was that Irving, in a joking item in Salmagundi, referred to New York City as Gotham. The reference was to a British legend about a town whose residents were reputed to be crazy. New Yorkers enjoyed the joke, and Gotham became a perennial nickname for the city. Diedrich Knickerbockers A History of New York Washington Irvings first full-length book appeared in December 1809. The volume was a fanciful and often satirical history of his beloved New York City as told by an eccentric old Dutch historian, Diedrich Knickerbocker. Much of the humor in the book played upon the rift between the old Dutch settlers and the British who had supplanted them in the city. Some descendants of old Dutch families were offended. But most New Yorkers appreciated the satire and the book was successful. And while some of the local political jokes are hopelessly obscure 200 years later, much of the humor in the book is still quite charming. During the writing of A History of New York, a woman Irving intended to marry, Matilda Hoffman, died of pneumonia. Irving, who was with Matilda when she died, was crushed. He never again became seriously involved with a woman and remained unmarried. For years after the publication of A History of New York Irving wrote little. He edited a magazine, but also engaged in the practice of law, a profession which he never found very interesting. In 1815 he left New York for England, ostensibly to help his brothers stabilize their importing business after the War of 1812. He remained in Europe for the next 17 years. The Sketch Book While living in London Irving wrote his most important work, The Sketch Book, which he published under the pseudonym of Geoffrey Crayon. The book first appeared in several small volumes in American in 1819 and 1820. Much of the content in The Sketch Book dealt with British manners and customs, but the American stories are what became immortal. The book contained The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, the account of schoolmaster Ichabod Crane and his otherworldly nemesis the Headless Horseman, and Rip Van Winkle, the tale of a man who awakens after sleeping for decades. The Sketch Book also contained a collection of Christmas tales which influenced the celebrations of Christmas in 19th century America. Revered Figure at his Estate on the Hudson While in Europe Irving researched and wrote a biography of Christopher Columbus along with a number of travel books. He also worked at times as a diplomat for the United States. Irving returned to America in 1832, and as a popular writer he was able to buy a picturesque estate along the Hudson near Tarrytown, New York. His early writings had established his reputation, and while he pursued other writing projects, including books on the American West, he never topped his earlier successes. When he died on  November 28, 1859 he was widely mourned. In his honor, flags were lowered in New York City as well as on ships in the harbor. The New York Tribune, the influential newspaper edited by Horace Greeley, referred to Irving as the beloved patriarch of American letters. A report on Irvings funeral in the New York Tribune on December 2, 1859, noted, The humble villagers and farmers, to whom he was so well known, were among the truest mourners who followed him to the grave. Irvings stature as a writer endured, and his influence was widely felt. His works, especially The Legend of Sleepy Hollow and Rip Van Winkle are still widely read and considered classics.

What The Boiling Points And Enthalpy Of Vaporization Of...

The goals of the first assignment are to learn and execute proper document formatting, resource and data gathering, data analysis, and to demonstrate knowledge of plagiarism. In order to successfully complete the first assignment, I will complete a short series of tasks to help get me started. First, I read all supporting documentation on the formatting of the assignment. Then, I read through the assignment and found some information in the tasks that I had questions on. Knowing the assignments tasks, I will gather a short list of reliable resources to help get me started. Next, I will look up background information that I need more knowledge on. For example, I need to look up what the boiling points and enthalpy of vaporization of straight chain 1-monochloroalkanes are. I have not taken Organic Chemistry and this may by my weakness, so I will have to do extra background research. Using my knowledge of general chemistry and Microsoft office, I will practice data gathering and formatting, data analysis, and communication skills in this first assignment. For task one, we are required to find eight straight chain 1-monochloroalkanes, eight 1-alchohols, and eight 1-monofluoroalkanes. Many online databases list compounds like these and report specific or averaged scientific data. For example, PubChem, NIST, and Chemspider all have reputable data with sources listed for each data point. Following the assignment formatting guidelines, I will construct a table the 24 compoundsShow MoreRelatedSample Resume : Chemical Engineering Lab1318 Words   |  6 PagesPre-Reflection Assignment #1 I will be completing this assignment for Chemical Engineering Lab 1 as an introduction to the writing and formatting process that is expected by Professor Burrows. During this writing, I will work to become familiar with the whole process of the lab report. This will include practicing how to format professional tables and plots, with clear and understandable information and captions. My previous experience with formatting reports in Microsoft Office and utilizing

Transgender Rights in Canada Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Transgender Rights in Canada. Answer: Unequal Access to Legal service in Canada- Rural residents, indigenous people are among the underserved. This article deals with the decline in the public support for the Canadian justice system, which has led to a devalued civil justice system that is not regarded as a fundamental aspect of the democratic system of the country. Despite strong support extended by Canadians for introducing publically funded legal aid system, individuals who access the system raise consistent concerns about the growing expense and inaccessibility of the ordinary people to the justice system[1]. Moreover, the inability to access the justice system in a meaningful way has an adverse impact apart from the legal issues that affect the health, life, housing and employment of the individuals who are engaged with the justice system. It is important to introduce measures to enable easy navigation of legal services. The legal services should more community-driven and coordinated with each other to enable the people, especially, the rural people, and aboriginals to have easy access to the legal system. Allison Fenske, an attorney with Public Interest Law Centre, shared his views regarding the unequal access to the justice system, asserts that in order to determine whether a person deserves to receive justice must not be based on the factors such as the residence of the person, the background of the person or the financial status of the person. Several groups of aboriginal and people residing in the rural areas often face significant hindrances to access the legal services or legal information. Such people include indigenous people, communities, female survivors of a family that suffered violence, indigenous people as well as people belonging to insecure employment and people suffering from disabilities. The report states that the most common factors that may hinder people to have access to the legal system include geographical location, poverty, language issues and cultural difference with the expectation to navigate the legal system effectively. As stated by Fenske, there are more than one thing that are at stake and it is not mandatory to solve any particular legal problems as for several people, it starts with the opportunity given to people to at least recognize that they are facing some sort of legal issues. There is a significant issue with the justice system of the country as it proves to be a disadvantage for people, the aboriginals and the socio-economically backward groups, in particular, as it disables them from having equal access to the justice system and denies their constitutional right to receive justice[2]. The courts are perceived as the most essential mechanism that is accountable for the non-compliance of the constitutional human rights exhibited by the Canadian Government. In regards to the persisting issue where the Constitutional and legal experts are urging the Liberal government to develop the Court Challenges Program to entail funding program for indigenous cases under section 35 of the Constitution, the liberal government has failed to undertake any such programs. The failure on part of the Liberal government to extend the Court Challenge Program to include pay for the indigenous cases that involves treaty rights which establishes the fact that the executive branch of government is failing to ensure equal justice to the people. Even the judiciary branch of government is failing to address the legal issues arising with respect to the non- compliance of such Constitutional rights. The court has been conferred with the power to ensure every person has an access to legal system and that they are administered justice. The non-compliance of the government with the humanitarian constitutional rights is breach of the powers conferred upon the government to ensure welfare and equality of the nationals. At present, the Canadian government is in a state where it purports to support Aboriginal rights. Moreover, the Minister of Justice being an aboriginal, it is expected that an additional step in implementing the Court Challenges Program in favor of the Aboriginal right cases. Given that the Prime Minister of the country have pledged to ensure a nation-to-nation relationship with the Aboriginal group of persons, the Court Challenges Program did not extend to cases dealt under section 35 of the Constitution which gives rise to a significant legal issue. The persisting exclusion of Aboriginal and treaty rights is contrary to the strict commitment of Canadas commitment to reconcile with its indigenous people. However, the Canadian government in its subsequent meetings has assured that Indigenous Canadians shall have access to the court to exercise their rights stipulated under section, 2, 3 and 7 of the Charter and interim costs shall be awarded under section 35 in appropriate cases. References Farrow, Trevor CW, et al. "Everyday Legal Problems and the Cost of Justice in Canada: Overview Report." (2016). https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/equal-access-justice-report-1.4404102 Sinclair, Raven. "The Indigenous Child Removal System in Canada: An Examination of Legal Decision-making and Racial Bias."First Peoples Child Family Review11.2 (2017): 8-18.